Which of the following options correctly matches the conservation methods with their appropriate pairs?

 In-situ conservation/National park

Ex-situ conservation/Botanical garden

The correct answer is Option (1) - In situ conservation/National park,

                                                        Ex situ conservation/Botanical garden

Ex situ conservation refers to conservation efforts that focus on protecting species or ecosystems outside their natural habitats, often in specialized facilities like botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, or captive breeding centers. In these facilities, endangered or threatened species are taken out of their natural environment and provided with a controlled and protected setting where they can be bred, cared for, and preserved..Cryopreservation of seeds, embryos, or genetic materials are common strategies used to safeguard genetic diversity for future use.

In situ conservation strategies involve the protection and conservation of species and ecosystems within their natural habitats. In-situ conservation is a set of methods aimed at preserving all living species, particularly wild and endangered ones, within their natural habitats and environments. This approach involves the protection and management of biodiversity in its original ecosystem. Examples of in-situ conservation strategies include biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries,sacred groves and other protected areas that aim to maintain the ecological integrity and diversity of the region. These designated areas serve as havens for various plant and animal species, ensuring their survival and contributing to the overall conservation of biodiversity.

The other options (b), (c), and (d) do not correctly match the conservation methods with their respective pairs. Cryopreservation and tissue culture are techniques used in ex-situ conservation, but they are not correctly matched with the provided options. Wildlife sanctuaries and seed banks are in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods, but they are not paired correctly in option (b) and (c) respectively. Sacred groves are associated with in situ conservation, but they are not properly paired in option (d).