There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the options given below.

Assertion: Demography is a field that is of special importance to sociology.
Reasoning: The emergence of sociology and its successful establishment as an academic discipline owed a lot to demography.

Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

The correct answer is Option 1: Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Assertion: Demography is a field that is of special importance to sociology. Correct. Demographic data help sociologists understand population trends, social structures, and large-scale social phenomena.

Reason: The emergence of sociology and its successful establishment as an academic discipline owed a lot to demography. Correct. The growth of demographic data and social statistics provided Sociology with an important empirical foundation and helped establish it as a scientific discipline.

How the Reason explains the Assertion: The Reason directly explains the Assertion. Demography became important to Sociology because the systematic collection of population data and social statistics gave sociologists reliable evidence to study society. This contribution played a significant role in the emergence and growth of Sociology as an academic discipline.

NCERT: "Demography is a field that is of special importance to sociology – in fact, the emergence of sociology and its successful establishment as an academic discipline owed a lot to demography. Two different processes happened to take place at roughly the same time in Europe during the latter half of the eighteenth century – the formation of nation-states as the principal form of political organisation, and the beginnings of the modern science of statistics."

"Demographic data are important for the planning and implementation of state policies, specially those for economic development and general public welfare. But when they first emerged, social statistics also provided a strong justification for the new discipline of sociology. Aggregate statistics... offer a concrete and strong argument for the existence of social phenomena."