Which of the following diseases damages the eye’s optic nerve and results in vision loss and blindness and occurs when the normal fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises?

Glaucoma

The correct answer is Option (4)- Glaucoma

The disease that damages the eye's optic nerve, leading to vision loss and blindness, and occurs when the normal fluid pressure inside the eyes gradually rises is called Glaucoma. In Glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure can damage the optic nerve, which is crucial for transmitting visual signals from the eye to the brain. If left untreated, Glaucoma can result in permanent vision impairment and blindness. Regular eye examinations are essential for the early detection and management of Glaucoma to prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve.