_____ model states that abnormal functioning can result from repeatedly thinking in illogical ways. These irrational and inaccurate assumptions sometimes lead to over generalisations.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Cognitive
Option (1) Behavioural — Incorrect. The behavioural model holds that both normal and abnormal behaviours are learned, through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning, and that what has been learned can be unlearned. It speaks of learning, not of illogical thinking.
Option (2) Cognitive — Correct. The cognitive model states that abnormal functioning can result from cognitive problems. People may hold assumptions about themselves that are irrational and inaccurate, and may repeatedly think in illogical ways and make overgeneralisations, drawing broad negative conclusions from a single insignificant event.
Option (3) Diathesis stress — Incorrect. The diathesis-stress model states that a disorder develops when a biological predisposition (diathesis) is set off by a stressful situation. Illogical thinking is not part of it.
Option (4) Psychodynamic — Incorrect. The psychodynamic model sees abnormal behaviour as a symbolic expression of unconscious mental conflicts between id, ego and superego, usually traced to early childhood. Its cause lies in the unconscious, not in faulty conscious thinking.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2023 on 22-06-2023 (Slot 3).
NCERT (2025-26): “Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour … Freud stated that abnormal behaviour is a symbolic expression of unconscious mental conflicts that can be generally traced to early childhood or infancy.…” “…Another model that emphasises the role of psychological factors is the behavioural model. This model states that both normal and abnormal behaviours are learned and psychological disorders are the result of learning maladaptive ways of behaving.…” “…Psychological factors are also emphasised by the cognitive model. This model states that abnormal functioning can result from cognitive problems. People may hold assumptions and attitudes about themselves that are irrational and inaccurate. People may also repeatedly think in illogical ways and make overgeneralisations, that is, they may draw broad, negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.…” “…In addition to these models, one of the most widely accepted explanations of abnormal behaviour has been provided by the diathesis-stress model. This model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological predisposition to the disorder) is set off by a stressful situation.…” |