Read the passage and answer the question that follow :

Namita is studying in London. Being an Indian she faces a variety of discriminatory behavior on an everyday basis. For instance, Namita had an Economics examination in the morning. While she was revising her notes outside the exam hall one of her classmates, Jessica commented that, "You are from a country of snake charmers, I do not think advanced Economics concepts are your cup of tea". Namita felt bad and started to think it over. Although she was prepared well for her exam but due to nervousness, she was not able to perform well in the exam and failed. Seeing her result, other students started to call her "Know Nothing Namita'. Some students started bullying other Indian students also without provocation. This instance lead the students of other nationalities to believe that there must be some truth in what everyone says about Indians.

The belief that 'India is a country of snake charmers' is an example of :

Stereotyping

The belief that 'India is a country of snake charmers' is an example of Option 4: Stereotyping. Stereotyping involves forming a fixed and oversimplified idea about a particular group of people. Jessica's comment reflects a stereotypical view of India and its people, making assumptions based on a narrow and inaccurate representation.

The other options are not as good because:

• Option 1: An incongruent attitude is when our beliefs and our behaviors are not aligned.
• Option 2: Discrimination is the act of treating someone unfairly based on their membership in a group.
• Option 3: Scapegoating is blaming a group of people for something that they did not do.