The correct answer is "Cartographer."

 A "cartographer" is a person who makes maps. They are skilled in the art and science of mapmaking, which involves creating accurate and detailed representations of geographical features, landmarks, and other spatial information. In the given group of words, "a person who makes maps," the word "cartographer" precisely captures the occupation and expertise of someone involved in the creation of maps.

"Sinecure" refers to a position or job that requires little or no work but still provides a regular income or status. It does not relate to the profession of mapmaking.

"Anarchist" refers to a person who advocates for the abolition of governmental authority and believes in a stateless society. It is unrelated to the occupation of mapmaking.

"Polyglot" refers to a person who knows and speaks multiple languages fluently. While language skills may be useful for a cartographer in conducting research or communicating with people from different regions, it does not specifically describe the profession of mapmaking.

Therefore, "Cartographer" is the most appropriate one-word substitute for the given group of words as it represents a person who makes maps professionally.