Two statements are given, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Theory of population growth given by Malthus was optimistic.
Reason (R): As per Malthus Population grows at a much higher rate than agricultural subsistence.

(A) is false but (R) is true

Among the most famous theories of demography is the one associated with the English political economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834). Malthus’s theory of population growth – outlined in his Essay on Population (1798) – was a rather pessimistic one. He argued that human populations tend to grow at a much faster rate than the rate at which the means of human subsistence (specially food, but also clothing and other agriculture-based products) can grow. Therefore humanity is condemned to live in poverty forever because the growth of agricultural production will always be overtaken by population growth.