Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I (Materials) | LIST-II (Examples) |
| A. Diamagnetic material | I. Nickel |
| B. Paramagnetic material | II. Silicon |
| C. Soft ferromagnetic material | III. Lodestone |
| D. Hard ferromagnetic material | IV. Copper chloride |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Materials are classed by how their atoms respond to an external field: diamagnetic materials have no permanent atomic dipoles and are weakly repelled, paramagnetic materials have permanent dipoles and are weakly attracted, and ferromagnetic materials are strongly magnetised because their dipoles line up in domains.
(A) Diamagnetic material — this matches (II) Silicon. Silicon has all its electrons paired, so it has a small negative susceptibility.
(B) Paramagnetic material — this matches (IV) Copper chloride. The Cu2+ ion has an unpaired electron, which gives each ion a permanent magnetic moment.
(C) Soft ferromagnetic material — this matches (I) Nickel. Nickel is ferromagnetic and is easily magnetised and demagnetised (low coercivity), so it is a soft ferromagnet.
(D) Hard ferromagnetic material — this matches (III) Lodestone. Lodestone is a naturally magnetised iron ore that keeps its magnetisation; it is a natural permanent magnet.