Which of the following is a structural change that happened in Indian…

The correct answer is Option (3) → Dependency on British industrialisation

Option (1) Modernisation of thought — Incorrect. Modernisation is one of the four processes of cultural change, along with sanskritisation, secularisation and westernisation. The structural changes of colonialism were accompanied by such cultural changes, but modernisation of thought is not itself a change in the structure of the economy.

Option (2) Sanskritisation of lower castes — Incorrect. Sanskritisation is a cultural process by which a ‘low’ caste takes over the customs of a high caste. It pre-dates colonial rule, so it is not a change British rule brought to the economy.

Option (3) Dependency on British industrialisation — Correct. Colonialism brought new political, economic and social structural changes, chiefly industrialisation and urbanisation. In India the impact of British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation: exports of cotton and silk declined in the face of Manchester competition, and more people moved into agriculture. India, once a supplier of manufactured goods, became a source of raw materials and a consumer of manufactured goods for the benefit of industrialising England.

Option (4) Westernisation of mass media — Incorrect. Westernisation is also a cultural process, the spread of Western ways of life and thought. It concerns culture and media, not the structure of the colonial economy.