_____ is generally understood either as a temporary or a permanent decline in productive capacity of the land.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Land degradation
NCERT (2026-27): “Land Degradation … The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited availability but also by deterioration of quality of agricultural land. Soil erosion, waterlogging, salinisation and alkalinisation of land lead to land degradation. … Land degradation is generally understood either as a temporary or a permanent decline in productive capacity of the land. Though all degraded land may not be wasteland, but unchecked process of degradation may lead to the conversion to wasteland.” |