Which of the following is most likely to result from relying solely on common-sense knowledge while studying society?

An understanding influenced by the interests and viewpoints of one's own social group.

The correct answer is option 3: An understanding influenced by the interests and viewpoints of one's own social group.

Common-sense knowledge emerges from the social environment in which people are raised. As a result, it reflects the experiences, values, and interests of particular groups. While such knowledge may not be entirely wrong, it is often incomplete and biased. Sociology seeks to move beyond these limitations by encouraging a more systematic and critical understanding of society.

NCERT: ""This is necessary because our prior knowledge about society – our common sense – is acquired from a particular viewpoint. This is the viewpoint of the social group and the social environment that we are socialised into. Our social context shapes our opinions, beliefs and expectations about society and social relations. These beliefs are not necessarily wrong, though they can be. The problem is that they are 'partial'... So our 'unlearnt' knowledge or common sense usually allows us to see only a part of social reality; moreover, it is liable to be tilted towards the viewpoints and interests of our own social group."".