Which of the following is not a permanent trait of tribes?

The correct answer is Option (2) → Livelihood

Option (1) Region — A permanent trait (Incorrect). Region is a permanent trait, along with language, physical characteristics and ecological habitat.

Option (2) Livelihood — Not a permanent trait (Correct). Classifications based on acquired traits use two main criteria: mode of livelihood and extent of incorporation into Hindu society. By livelihood, tribes are grouped as fishermen, food gatherers and hunters, shifting cultivators, peasants, and plantation and industrial workers. A livelihood can change, which is why it is acquired.

Option (3) Language — A permanent trait (Incorrect). By language, tribes fall into four groups: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austric and Tibeto-Burman. Language is one of the permanent traits.

Option (4) Habitat — A permanent trait (Incorrect). Ecological habitat, such as hills, forests, rural plains or urban industrial areas, is also counted among the permanent traits.