Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides, or proteins, respectively. The latter have longer amino acids chain lengths than the former. These hormones have an effect on the endocrine system of animals, including humans. Most hormones can be classified as either amino acid–based hormones (amine, peptide, or protein) or steroid hormones. The former are water-soluble and act on the surface of target cells via second messengers; the latter, being lipid-soluble, move through the plasma membranes of target cells (both cytoplasmic and nuclear) to act within their nuclei. The four most biologically active peptides are:
i. Insulin
ii. Oxytocin
iii. Vasopressin
iv. Angiotensin II
Which hormone controls the balance of water and minerals in the body?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
Mineralocorticoids are steroid hormones which control the level of excretion of water and salt by the kidney, thus balancing the water and mineral levels as required.