Which approach of human development argues for higher government expenditure on education, health, and the social sector?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Welfare Approach
Option (1) Basic Needs Approach — Incorrect. Proposed by the ILO, it identifies six basic needs, such as health, education and food, and stresses providing them; human choices are ignored.
Option (2) Welfare Approach — Correct. It sees people as beneficiaries of development and argues for higher government expenditure on education, health, social secondary and amenities. The government is responsible for raising human development by maximising welfare spending.
Option (3) Capability Approach — Incorrect. Associated with Amartya Sen, it sees building human capabilities in health, education and access to resources as the key.
Option (4) Income Approach — Incorrect. One of the oldest approaches, it links human development to income: the higher the income, the higher the development.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2026 on 14-05-2026 (Slot 1), and in CUET (UG) 2025 on 26-05-2025 (Slot 1).
NCERT: Fundamentals of Human Geography — Chapter 3: Human Development, Table 3.1: Approaches to Human Development (2025-26)
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