The charge has to be passed ______ to obtain maximum work from a galvanic cell.

reversibly

The correct answer is option 3. reversibly.

The charge in a galvanic cell needs to be passed reversibly to obtain maximum work.

Galvanic Cell: It's a spontaneous electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

Maximum Work: The maximum work obtainable from a galvanic cell is related to the concept of Gibbs free energy (ΔG).

Reversibility: When a galvanic cell operates reversibly, it means the reaction and electrical flow can be reversed with minimal energy loss. This ideal scenario allows the cell to extract the maximum possible work from the chemical reaction.

Non-Reversibility: In reality, some energy is lost due to factors like internal resistance and heat generation. This reduces the work output compared to the ideal reversible case.

Therefore, for a galvanic cell to deliver its maximum work potential, the charge needs to flow reversibly.