Match List-I (importance of planning) with List-II (explanation):
| List-I | List-II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Planning facilitates decision making | (I) | Changes or events cannot be eliminated, but they can be anticipated and managerial responses to them can be developed. |
| (B) | Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty | (II) | It provides the goals against which actual performance is measured. |
| (C) | Planning provides directions | (III) | The manager has to evaluate each alternative and select the most viable proposition. |
| (D) | Planning establishes standards for controlling | (IV) | Goals are clearly stated so that they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Planning facilitates decision making | (III) The manager has to evaluate each alternative and select the most viable proposition. | A decision is a choice among alternatives. Weighing each one and picking the best is that choice. |
| (B) Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty | (I) Changes or events cannot be eliminated, but they can be anticipated and managerial responses to them can be developed. | Changes are seen in advance and a response is kept ready, so they cause less harm. |
| (C) Planning provides directions | (IV) Goals are clearly stated so that they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken. | Clear goals guide action and show everyone which way to move. |
| (D) Planning establishes standards for controlling | (II) It provides the goals against which actual performance is measured. | Goals act as standards. Actual work is compared with them, so deviations can be found and corrected. |
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(v) Planning facilitates decision making: Planning helps the manager to look into the future and make a choice from amongst various alternative courses of action. The manager has to evaluate each alternative and select the most viable proposition. …” “(ii) Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty: Planning is an activity which enables a manager to look ahead and anticipate changes. By deciding in advance the tasks to be performed, planning shows the way to deal with changes and uncertain events. Changes or events cannot be eliminated but they can be anticipated and managerial responses to them can be developed.” “(i) Planning provides directions: By stating in advance how work is to be done planning provides direction for action. Planning ensures that the goals or objectives are clearly stated so that they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken and in which direction. …” “(vi) Planning establishes standards for controlling: Planning involves setting of goals. The entire managerial process is concerned with accomplishing predetermined goals through planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. Planning provides the goals or standards against which actual performance is measured. …” |