Match List-I with List-II
| List-I | List-II | ||
| (A) | Uni-factor theory of intelligence | (I) | Robert Sternberg |
| (B) | Theory of multiple intelligences | (II) | Alfred Binet |
| (C) | Triarchic theory of intelligence | (III) | Charles Spearman |
| (D) | Two-factor theory of intelligence | (IV) | Howard Gardner |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)
(A) Uni-factor theory of intelligence — this matches (II) Alfred Binet. Binet was the first psychologist to formalise intelligence in terms of mental operations. He saw it as one similar set of abilities usable for solving any problem, so his theory is called the uni or one factor theory.
(B) Theory of multiple intelligences — this matches (IV) Howard Gardner. For Gardner, intelligence is not a single entity; distinct types of intelligences exist, each independent of the others.
(C) Triarchic theory of intelligence — this matches (I) Robert Sternberg. Sternberg (1985) described three basic types of intelligence: componential, experiential and contextual.
(D) Two-factor theory of intelligence — this matches (III) Charles Spearman. Using factor analysis, Spearman (1927) showed that intelligence has a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).
NCERT (2025-26): “Theories of Intelligence … Alfred Binet was the first psychologist who tried to formalise the concept of intelligence in terms of mental operations. Prior to him, we find the notion of intelligence described in general ways in various philosophical treatises available in different cultural traditions. Binet’s theory of intelligence was rather simple as it arose from his interest in differentiating more intelligent from less intelligent individuals. He, therefore, conceptualised intelligence as consisting of one similar set of abilities which can be used for solving any or every problem in an individual’s environment. His theory of intelligence is called Uni or one factor theory of intelligence. This theory came to be disputed when psychologists started analysing data of individuals, which was collected using Binet’s test. In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis.…” “Theory of Multiple Intelligences … Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. According to him, intelligence is not a single entity; rather distinct types of intelligences exist.…” “Triarchic Theory of Intelligence … Robert Sternberg (1985) proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg views intelligence as ‘the ability to adapt, to shape and select environment to accomplish one’s goals and those of one’s society and culture’. According to this theory, there are three basic types of intelligence: Componential, Experiential, and Contextual.…” |