The economically backward communist China chose to sever its links with the capitalist world. It had little choice but to fall back on its own resources and, for a brief period, on Soviet aid and advice. The model was to create a state-owned heavy industries sector from the capital accumulated from agriculture. As it was short of foreign exchange that it needed in order to buy technology and goods on the world market, China decided to substitute imports with domestic goods.


Which of the following field was not a part of the 'four modernizations' proposed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai?

craft

Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the ‘four modernizations’(agriculture, industry, science and technology, and military) in 1973.