How has the technological environment changed for firms in the wake of liberalization and globalization?

Rapidly changing technological landscape

The correct answer is option 3- Rapidly changing technological landscape.

Liberalization and globalization have led to increased competition, greater access to international markets, and accelerated technological advancements. Firms are now operating in an environment where technology evolves quickly, requiring them to continuously innovate and adapt to stay competitive. This dynamic technological environment has resulted in more frequent technological upgrades, the adoption of new technologies, and the need for firms to be agile in responding to technological changes.