Which behavioral technique is based on the principle of reciprocal inhibition?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Systematic desensitization
Option (1) Modelling — Incorrect. In modelling the client learns a behaviour by observing a role model, often the therapist at first, and small changes towards it are rewarded. It works through observation (vicarious learning), not through two opposing responses.
Option (2) Systematic desensitization — Correct. Introduced by Wolpe for phobias, it pairs relaxation with imagined fear-provoking situations, from the least to the most frightening. It rests on the principle of reciprocal inhibition: when two mutually opposing forces are present at the same time, the weaker one is inhibited, so the relaxation response overcomes the mild anxiety.
Option (3) Aversive conditioning — Incorrect. It is the repeated association of an undesired response with an aversive consequence, such as a mild electric shock paired with the smell of alcohol. It makes a behaviour unpleasant; it does not set two opposing states against each other.
Option (4) Token economy — Incorrect. Here a person is given a token as a reward every time a wanted behaviour occurs, and the tokens are later exchanged for a reward. It works by positive reinforcement.
NCERT (2025-26): “Behavioural Techniques … Systematic desensitisation is a technique introduced by Wolpe for treating phobias or irrational fears. The client is interviewed to elicit fear provoking situations and together with the client, the therapist prepares a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli with the least anxiety-provoking stimuli at the bottom of the hierarchy. The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about the least anxietyprovoking situation. Box 5.2 gives details of relaxation procedures. The client is asked to stop thinking of the fearful situation if the slightest tension is felt. Over sessions, the client is able to imagine more severe fear -provoking situations while maintaining the relaxation. The client gets systematically desensitised to the fear. The principle of reciprocal inhibition operates here. This principle states that the presence of two mutually opposing forces at the same time, inhibits the weaker force. Thus, the relaxation response is first built up and mildly anxiety-provoking scene is imagined, and the anxiety is overcome by the relaxation.…” |