Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the five questions that follow :-
Humans are deluded creatures who always think they are born to rule and dictate. This human delusion has assumed dangerous proportions in these times when humans are on a rampage, destroying and devouring all those they fallaciously perceive as inferior. The religio-scriptural belief humans are the best of all creations has made us believe we are the monarchs of all we survey.
The misconception that nature has made us the undisputed supreme species who can eliminate others at will, underscores speciesism. The great Persian mystic Hakim Sanai wrote centuries ago, "Humans must learn to coexist with all creatures,” and the poet Anvari said "Hubristic humans are threats to all creatures and non-human animals."
All mystics believe the very concept of equality and egalitarianism could be fully understood and realized only when humans could accept the most exalted truth- that even a leaf, an ant, and a branch of tree has a pure essence and spirit, is as sacred as the human spirit.
In other words, it is not enough to establish equality and egalitarianism among humans; there should be seamless equality and a spirit of relatable empathy among all. How can we be condescending or disparaging to any other species on Earth? Never forget every particle glitters with effulgence of divinity. The problem with us is our ingrained condescension. Even in our so-called love for animals and other species, there is always an element of pontification that can be equated with Rudyard Kipling's downright pejorative phrase, “The White Man’s Burden.” Who has given us the right to treat animals the way we have been treating them right from the dawn of human civilization?
Every particle glittering with 'effulgence of divinity' suggests that...
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → All species were created as equal.
Effulgence means radiant brightness. The passage says every particle glitters with "effulgence of divinity": every creature, even a leaf or an ant, carries the same divine light and is "as sacred as the human spirit". This suggests that all species were created as equal.
Example: The effulgence of the rising sun filled the valley.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: Human Ingrained Condescension — Incorrect. Opposite meaning: it is the fault the idea corrects; the passage calls "our ingrained condescension" "the problem with us".
Option 2: Humans' love for animals. — Incorrect. Contradicted: the passage doubts this love; it calls it "so-called" and says it carries "an element of pontification".
Option 3: Consumption can be pleasurable. — Incorrect. Not mentioned: the passage does not link consumption with this phrase.
Note: "Ingrained condescension" comes right after the "effulgence of divinity" line in the passage, but it names the human fault, not what the glittering particles suggest.