Which of the following substances is used as a substitute for chlorine in bleaching?

Hydrogen peroxide

The correct answer is option 3.Hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a chemical compound consisting of hydrogen and oxygen. It is a powerful oxidizing agent, meaning it can donate oxygen atoms to other substances. In the context of bleaching, hydrogen peroxide is used as an alternative to chlorine-based bleaching agents like chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite).

Here's how hydrogen peroxide functions as a bleach:

1. Oxidation: Hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water and oxygen. The oxygen released during this breakdown can act as an oxidizing agent, removing color from the substances it comes into contact with.

2. Color removal: The oxygen released by hydrogen peroxide can break down the pigments or color molecules in stains or colored materials, effectively bleaching them. It works well on a variety of surfaces and materials, including fabrics.

3. Versatility: Hydrogen peroxide is versatile and can be used for various bleaching purposes, such as cleaning, hair bleaching, and disinfection.

In contrast, chlorine-based bleaching agents can be harsher and may have environmental concerns associated with their use. Hydrogen peroxide is considered a more environmentally friendly alternative for certain bleaching applications.