Read the passage and answer the four questions that follow:-
The brain operates in different states, measured in five main categories of brain waves; alpha, beta, gamma, theta and delta. Most of the time, our brains are in a default 'work' state, characterized by beta and gamma waves. This is when we're using our brains to solve problems and focus on tasks which require us to stay in an alert, active state. This is an essential role, for sure, but not one you want to stay in for too long, as it raises cortisol levels in the body, increasing feelings of stress and anxiety.
"Stress, and the effects it has on the body, is one of the main drivers of chronic disease and depression today," says Dr.Vuu. A study published in Future Sciences found that stress caused physiological changes in the brain, increasing the risk of everything from mood disorders to autoimmune disease and dementia.
A 2021 meta-analysis of multiple studies found that engaging in leisure activities can improve health by protecting against coronary heart disease, cognitive decline and dementia. Hobbies not only improve our neuro plasticity but also make us happier.
In all, hobbies are a powerful antidote to stress, causing a cascade of positive changes. "Doing a hobby you enjoy puts your brain into a 'flow' state, characterized by alpha and theta waves, which cause you to feel relaxed, less stressed and less anxious," Dr. Vuu says. These brain states are characterized by feelings of deep relaxation, passive focus, creativity, intuition and daydreaming.
The _____ activities work like medicine to alleviate stress.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → leisure
The passage says that engaging in leisure activities can improve health, and that hobbies are "a powerful antidote to stress". Leisure activities are things done in free time for enjoyment; since an antidote is a medicine that works against a poison, they "work like medicine" against stress.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 2: passive — Incorrect. Wrong link: the passage uses "passive" only in "passive focus", a feeling of the flow state; it does not speak of passive activities.
Option 3: multiple — Incorrect. Wrong link: "multiple" comes in "multiple studies"; it describes the studies, not the kind of activity that eases stress.
Option 4: antidote — Incorrect. Misread: an antidote is a medicine that stops the effects of a poison. It is a noun, and the passage applies it to hobbies ("an antidote to stress"); it cannot describe the activities in the blank.
Example: The doctor gave the snakebite victim an antidote.