Reduction of Nitrobenzene by which of the following reagent gives aniline?

(A) $Sn/HCl$
(B) $Fe/HCl$
(C) $H_2-Pd$
(D) $Sn/NH_4OH$

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B) and (C) only

The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (B) and (C) only

Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline when reduction occurs in acidic medium or catalytic hydrogenation.

Effective reagents include:

• Sn / HCl $\rightarrow$ reduces nitro group to amine
• Fe / HCl $\rightarrow$ also reduces nitro group to amine
• $H_2$ / Pd $\rightarrow$ catalytic hydrogenation gives aniline

However,

Sn / NH$_4$OH is a basic medium and does not reduce nitrobenzene to aniline.

Reduction to aniline typically requires acidic conditions.

(A) Sn/HCI

Provides reduction in acidic medium.

Gives aniline.

(B) Fe/HCI

Also reduces nitrobenzene to aniline.

(C) $H_2 – Pd$

Catalytic hydrogenation reduces nitro group to amine.

(D) $Sn / NH_4OH$

Basic medium.

Does not reduce nitrobenzene to aniline.