Read the following statements.

I. Birth rate and death rate in a population refer to the number of births and deaths per individual, respectively.

II. It is uncommon to encounter solitary individuals of a particular species in natural environments.

III. The size of population for any species is stable phenomena

IV. The impact of ecological factors on population growth is typically manifested in the size or density of the population.

Choose the correct statements.

I, II and IV

The incorrect statement is: III. The size of the population for any species is a stable phenomenon.

This statement is incorrect because population size is not always stable. It can fluctuate over time due to various factors such as birth rates, death rates, migration, environmental changes, and interactions with other species. Population sizes can increase, decrease, or remain relatively constant depending on the dynamics of these factors. Therefore, population size is not necessarily a stable phenomenon.

All other statements are correct.

I. In a population, birth rate and death rate refer to per capita births and deaths, respectively.

This statement is correct. Birth rate refers to the number of births per individual or per unit of population over a certain period of time. Death rate refers to the number of deaths per individual or per unit of population over a certain period of time. These rates are commonly used to measure population growth or decline.

II. In nature, we rarely find isolated single individuals of any species.

This statement is correct. Most species in nature exist as part of populations, which are groups of individuals of the same species living in the same area and interacting with one another. Isolated single individuals are less common because most species rely on interactions, such as reproduction, social behavior, and resource sharing, that occur within populations.

IV. Ecological effects of any factors on a population growth are generally reflected in its size/population density.

This statement is correct. Ecological factors, such as availability of resources, predation, competition, and environmental conditions, can have a significant impact on population growth. These effects are often reflected in the size or population density of a population. For example, limited resources or high predation pressure can lead to reduced population size or density, while abundant resources or favorable conditions can result in increased population size or density.