Which of the following model proposed by J. P. Guilford classifies intellectual traits into three dimensions: operations, contents and products?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Structure-of-Intellect
Option (1) Hierarchical — Incorrect. Arthur Jensen’s hierarchical model places abilities at two levels: Level I, associative learning (output much like the input, as in rote learning), and Level II, cognitive competence (higher-order skills that transform the input).
Option (2) PASS Model — Incorrect. Developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri and Kirby, it sees intellectual activity as the work of three neurological systems: Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous-successive processing.
Option (3) Triarchic — Incorrect. Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory names three basic types of intelligence: componential, experiential and contextual.
Option (4) Structure-of-Intellect — Correct. J.P. Guilford proposed this model, which classifies intellectual traits among three dimensions: operations, contents and products. Operations are what the respondent does (such as cognition, memory and divergent production), contents are the kind of material worked on (such as visual, auditory or semantic), and products are the form in which information is processed.
NCERT (2025-26): “Theories of Intelligence … Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels, called Level I and Level II. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input (e.g., rote learning and memory). Level II, called cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills as they transform the input to produce an effective output.…” “Theories of Intelligence … J.P. Guilford proposed the structure-of-intellect model which classifies intellectual traits among three dimensions: operations, contents, and products. Operations are what the respondent does. These include cognition, memory recording, memory retention, divergent production, convergent production, and evaluation. Contents refer to the nature of materials or information on which intellectual operations are performed. These include visual, auditory, symbolic (e.g., letters, numbers), semantic (e.g., words) and behavioural (e.g., information about people’s behaviour, attitudes, needs, etc.). Products refer to the form in which information is processed by the respondent.…” “Triarchic Theory of Intelligence … Robert Sternberg (1985) proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg views intelligence as ‘the ability to adapt, to shape and select environment to accomplish one’s goals and those of one’s society and culture’. According to this theory, there are three basic types of intelligence: Componential, Experiential, and Contextual.…” “Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous-successive (PASS) Model of Intelligence … This model has been developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby (1994).…” |