Silencing of specific mRNA by binding of complementary dsRNA, that prevents translation of mRNA is known as:

RNA interference

The correct answer is Option (2) → RNA interference 

Several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals including human beings. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi .

RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to the complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. The source of this complementary RNA could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes that replicate via an RNA intermediate.