Meera is preparing a school project on the years 1919 to 1922. In an old district report from 1921 she reads that students left government colleges, lawyers stayed away from the courts and mill workers went on strike. The report adds that in one hill district peasants refused to carry loads for colonial officials. Her teacher explains that Gandhiji had linked this campaign to a movement of Indian Muslims about the Ottoman Caliph, and that a biographer of Gandhiji later gave the campaign a famous description. The campaign ended suddenly after an incident in a village of the United Provinces in February 1922.
Which biographer of Gandhiji described non-cooperation as negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Louis Fischer
Option (1) Shahid Amin — Incorrect. Shahid Amin is a historian who traced the image of Gandhiji among the peasants of eastern Uttar Pradesh through local press reports.
Option (2) Louis Fischer — Correct. Louis Fischer, Gandhiji's American biographer, wrote that non-cooperation was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective, and called it training for self-rule.
Option (3) Romain Rolland — Incorrect. Romain Rolland was a French writer who wrote an early book on Gandhiji, but this description is not his.
Option (4) C.F. Andrews — Incorrect. C.F. Andrews was an English missionary and a close friend of Gandhiji; the description is not his.
NCERT (2026-27): “2.1 Knitting a popular movement … “self-rule.” As a consequence of the Non-Cooperation Movement the British Raj was shaken to its foundations for the first time since the Revolt of 1857. …” |