The correct answer is option (2)- Responsibility.
Responsibility is the obligation of a subordinate to properly perform the assigned duty. It arises from a superior– subordinate relationship because the subordinate is bound to perform the duty assigned to him by his superior. Thus, responsibility flows upwards, i.e., a subordinate will always be responsible to his superior.
OTHER OPTIONS
- Accountability implies being answerable for the final outcome. Once authority has been delegated and responsibility accepted, one cannot deny accountability. It cannot be delegated and flows upwards, i.e., a subordinate will be accountable to a superior for satisfactory performance of work. It indicates that the manager has to ensure the proper discharge of duties by his subordinates. It is generally enforced through regular feedback on the extent of work accomplished.
- Authority refers to the right of an individual to command his subordinates and to take action within the scope of his position. The concept of authority arises from the established scalar chain which links the various job positions and levels of an organisation. Authority also refers to the right to take decisions inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and expect them to do it.
- Span of management refers to the number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a superior. This determines the levels of management in the structure. A proper organisation structure is essential to ensure a smooth flow of communication and better control over the operations of a business enterprise.
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