Match List I with List II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

The correct match is:

Explanation:

Ancient Mesopotamian texts from the third millennium BCE mention copper originating from a region referred to as Magan, which is believed to be Oman. Interestingly, copper found at Mesopotamian sites also contains traces of nickel. Other archaeological findings suggestive of long-distance contacts include Harappan seals, weights, dice, and beads. Notably, Mesopotamian texts mention interactions with regions named Dilmun (likely the island of Bahrain), Magan, and Meluhha, possibly referring to the Harappan region. These texts also mention various products from Meluhha, such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, copper, gold, and different types of wood.

Strategies for procuring raw materials by the Harappans:

The Harappans procured materials for craft production in various ways. For instance, they established settlements such as Nageshwar and Balakot in areas where shell was available. Other such sites were Shortughai, in far-off Afghanistan, near the best source of lapis lazuli, a blue stone that was apparently very highly valued, and Lothal which was near sources of carnelian (from Bharuch in Gujarat), steatite (from south Rajasthan and north Gujarat) and metal (from Rajasthan).

Another strategy for procuring raw materials may have been to send expeditions to areas such as the Khetri region of Rajasthan (for copper) and south India (for gold). These expeditions established communication with local communities. Occasional finds of Harappan artefacts such as steatite micro beads in these areas are indications of such contact. There is evidence in the Khetri area for what archaeologists call the Ganeshwar-Jodhpura culture, with its distinctive non-Harappan pottery and an unusual wealth of copper objects. It is possible that the inhabitants of this region supplied copper to the Harappans.