Assertion: In many instances, attitudes are not acquired solely through association or through rewards and punishments.

Reasoning: We learn attitudes by witnessing others being rewarded or punished for expressing certain thoughts or displaying specific behaviors towards a particular attitude object.

Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Attitudes can also be learned through the process of observing others, known as modelling. In many instances, attitudes are not acquired solely through association or through rewards and punishments. Instead, we learn attitudes by witnessing others being rewarded or punished for expressing certain thoughts or displaying specific behaviors towards a particular attitude object. The students in a classroom may develop a positive attitude towards environmental conservation by observing their teacher's consistent efforts to reduce waste, recycle, and promote eco-friendly practices. As they witness their teacher receiving recognition and praise for their environmental consciousness, the students are likely to adopt a similar positive attitude towards protecting the environment.