Practicing Success

Target Exam

CUET

Subject

Biology

Chapter

Biotechnology and its Applications

Question:

Which among the following statement is incorrect ?

Options:

B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth.

RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.

Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant.

Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the nematode and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides.

Correct Answer:

Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the nematode and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides.

Explanation:

The correct answer is Option (4) - Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the nematode and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides.

Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt for short). Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides; in effect created a bio-pesticide. Examples are Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soyabean etc.
Bt Cotton: Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. Actually, the Bt toxin protein exist as inactive protoxins but once an insect ingest the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals.
The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and create pores that cause cell swelling and lysis and eventually cause death of the insect.