It is the process of achieving unity of action among inter-related activities and departments of an organisation.

Coordination

The correct answer is Option (3) - Coordination

Coordination involves synchronisation of the different actions or efforts of the various units of an organisation. Coordination unifies unrelated or diverse interests into purposeful work activity. It gives a common focus to group effort to ensure that performance is as it was planned and scheduled. The purpose of coordination is to secure unity of action in the realisation of a common purpose. It acts as the binding force between departments and ensures that all action is aimed at achieving the goals of the organisation. Coordination is the essence of management. It is the process of achieving unity of action among interdependent activities and departments of an organisation.