Take the statements below to be true, even if they differ from known facts. Which of the conclusions follow logically from them?
Statements:
1. No wolf is a lamb.
2. All wolves are hunters.
Conclusions:
I. All hunters are wolves.
II. Some hunters are not lambs.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Only conclusion II follows
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements; each class named in a statement is taken to have members.
“No wolf is a lamb”: the circles of wolves and lambs do not touch
“All wolves are hunters”: the circle of wolves lies inside the circle of hunters; the other hunters may be lambs
Conclusion I: All hunters are wolves. — Does not follow. “All wolves are hunters” cannot be turned round; the hunters may be many more than the wolves, as in the diagram.
Conclusion II: Some hunters are not lambs. — Follows. The wolves are hunters, and no wolf is a lamb; so these hunters are not lambs.