Read the following case study and answer questions.

Mr. Arun is a Chief Manager of a reputed company that manufactures garments. He called the production manager and instructed him to keep a constant and continuous check on all the activities related to his department so that everything goes as per the set plan. He also suggested him to track the performance of all the employees in the organisation so that targets are achieved effectively and efficiently.

Which of the following is not correct about controlling?

It is required only at the top level of management

The correct answer is option 4: It is required only at the top level of management .

Controlling is a fundamental function of management that applies at all levels, not just the top.

All other options are accurate:

1. Controlling is indeed a primary function of every manager.
2. It is pervasive, meaning it applies to all levels and functions of an organization.
3. Controlling is goal-oriented, as it involves comparing actual performance with desired goals and taking corrective actions when necessary to ensure those goals are met.

"Controlling is one of the important functions of a manager. In order to seek planned results from the subordinates, a manager needs to exercise effective control over the activities of the subordinates. Controlling also ensures that an organisation’s resources are being used effectively and efficiently for the achievement of predetermined goals. Controlling is, thus, a goal-oriented function. Controlling function of a manager is a pervasive function. It is a primary function of every manager. Managers at all levels of management— top, middle and lower-need to perform controlling functions to keep a control over activities in their areas. Moreover, controlling is as much required in an educational institution, military, hospital, and a club as in any business organisation."