Concept of global village is a reality due to _____.

modern communication systems

The correct answer is Option (1) → modern communication systems

The idea of a global village means the world has become interconnected and accessible like a single village. This is possible mainly because of modern communication systems such as the internet, satellites, mobile networks, and instant digital connectivity, which allow people across continents to interact in real time.

Metro trains, expressways, and pipelines improve connectivity within regions but do not create the global-level interconnectedness implied by the term "global village."