A hydroelectric power plant situated at a distance of 20 km from a town. Whose energy demand is 100 MW at 240 V. At hydro electric power plant, the water pressure head is at a height of 400 m and the water flow available is \( 100\,\mathrm{m^3/s} \). Electrical energy generated in power plant is transmitted to the town with the use of transformers voltage output of the AC generator at power plant is stepped up and is there transmitted over long distances to a sub-station near the consumers in town. Sub-stations and utility poles steps down the voltage finally the 240 V which finally reaches the houses.
Arrange the cause of energy loss in power transmission from power plant to end user in their sequential order:
A. Hysteresis in step-down transformer
B. Hysteresis in step-up transformer
C. Resistance of copper windings in step-down transformer
D. Resistance of copper windings in step-up transformer
E. Resistance of wire connecting powerplant and sub-station.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → D, B, E, C, A
Follow the path of the energy from the plant to the town: step-up transformer at the plant, then the transmission line, then the step-down transformer at the sub-station. Inside each transformer the energy first enters the primary winding (copper loss) and then the core (hysteresis loss).
(D) Resistance of copper windings in step-up transformer
(B) Hysteresis in step-up transformer
(E) Resistance of wire connecting powerplant and sub-station.
(C) Resistance of copper windings in step-down transformer
(A) Hysteresis in step-down transformer
So the sequence is D, B, E, C, A.