Consider the following statements:
(A) Old social movements functioned within the frame of political parties.
(B) The Communist Party of China led the Chinese Revolution.
(C) Some argued that in socialist societies, class-based exploitation and inequality were no longer central concerns.
(D) New social movements were about quality-of-life issues such as a clean environment.
(E) Some believe that old class-based action led by trade unions is on the decline.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A, B, D and E only
(A) Old social movements functioned within the frame of political parties. — Correct. Old social movements worked within the frame of political parties, as the Indian National Congress led the Indian National Movement.
(B) The Communist Party of China led the Chinese Revolution. — Correct. The Chinese Revolution was led by the Communist Party of China, one example of an old movement run by a party.
(C) Some argued that in socialist societies, class-based exploitation and inequality were no longer central concerns. — Incorrect. The setting is wrong. Others argued this about the affluent West with its welfare state, where class-based exploitation and inequality were no longer central concerns.
(D) New social movements were about quality-of-life issues such as a clean environment. — Correct. New social movements were not about the distribution of power. They were about quality-of-life issues such as a clean environment.
(E) Some believe that old class-based action led by trade unions is on the decline. — Correct. Some believe that old class-based political action, led by trade unions and workers' parties, is on the decline.
NCERT (2026-27): “Distinguishing the new social movement from the old social movements … |