CUET Preparation Today
Match List I with List II
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV |
A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV |
The correct answer is option 1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV.
A. Geometrical Isomerism (cis): In the complex \(\text{cis}-[\text{Pt}(\text{NH}_3)_2\text{Cl}_2]\), geometrical isomerism is observed due to the arrangement of the ligands around the central platinum (Pt) atom. Geometrical isomerism (also known as cis-trans isomerism) occurs when there are different spatial arrangements of ligands around a central atom in a coordination complex. In octahedral and square planar complexes, this type of isomerism arises when the ligands can occupy different positions relative to each other. The complex is a cis-isomer. The cis-isomer refers to the configuration where the two chloride ions (Cl) are adjacent to each other, and the two ammonia (NH\(_3\)) groups are also adjacent to each other, forming an angle of less than 90 degrees between the similar ligands. In a square planar geometry, this means that both Cl ligands are positioned next to each other (cis position) and both NH\(_3\) groups are next to each other. Structure:
In this configuration, the chlorides are next to each other (forming a cis arrangement) and the ammonia groups are also next to each other. B. Geometrical Isomerism (trans): In the complex \(\text{trans}-[\text{Pt}(\text{NH}_3)_2\text{Cl}_2]\), geometrical isomerism is observed due to the arrangement of the ligands around the central platinum (Pt) atom in a square planar geometry. Geometrical isomerism, or cis-trans isomerism, occurs when there are different spatial arrangements of ligands around a central atom in a coordination complex. This is particularly evident in square planar complexes where ligands can be positioned differently relative to each other. In the \(\text{trans}-[\text{Pt}(\text{NH}_3)_2\text{Cl}_2]\) complex: The trans isomer refers to the configuration where the two chloride ions (Cl) are opposite each other, and the two ammonia (NH\(_3\)) groups are also opposite each other, forming a straight line across the central platinum atom. This arrangement places the chloride ions across from each other (trans position) and the ammonia groups across from each other, directly opposite each other. Structure:
In this configuration: The two chloride ligands are 180 degrees apart from each other (trans arrangement). The two ammonia ligands are also 180 degrees apart from each other. C. Geometrical Isomerism (facial): In the facial isomer, the three identical ligands (here, \(\text{NH}_2\) groups) are arranged around the central cobalt atom such that they occupy three adjacent faces of an octahedron. This means that the three \(\text{NH}_2\) groups are all on one face of the octahedron, and the three \(\text{NO}_2\) groups occupy the remaining three faces. Structure:
The three \(\text{NH}_2\) groups are positioned on the same face of the octahedron. The three \(\text{NO}_2\) groups are positioned on the remaining face. In the meridional isomer, the three identical ligands are arranged such that they lie along a meridian of the octahedron, forming a plane. This means that the three \(\text{NH}_2\) groups are positioned in a way that they are not all on the same face but rather in a meridian plane through the center of the octahedron. Structure:
The three \(\text{NH}_2\) groups are arranged such that they are in a single plane (the meridian) of the octahedron. The three \(\text{NO}_2\) groups occupy the other positions. |
