The term 'partial' in relation to common-sense knowledge refers to knowledge that is:

Incomplete and biased

The correct answer is Option 2: Incomplete and biased.

In Sociology, common-sense knowledge is considered partial because it is shaped by an individual's social experiences, upbringing, and socialisation. Such knowledge does not provide a complete understanding of society and is often influenced by the interests, values, and perspectives of one's own social group. Therefore, while common sense may help people make sense of everyday life, it cannot by itself provide an objective or comprehensive picture of social reality. Sociology encourages individuals to critically examine these assumptions and move beyond them.

NCERT: "This prior knowledge or familiarity with society is both an advantage and a disadvantage for sociology, the discipline that studies society. The advantage is that students are generally not afraid of Sociology – they feel that it can’t be a very hard subject to learn. The disadvantage is that this prior knowledge can be a problem – in order to learn Sociology, we need to “unlearn” what we already know about society. In fact, the initial stage of learning Sociology consists mainly of such unlearning. This is necessary because our prior knowledge about society – our common sense – is acquired from a particular viewpoint. This is the viewpoint of the social group and the social environment that we are socialised into. Our social context shapes our opinions, beliefs and expectations about society and social relations. These beliefs are not necessarily wrong, though they can be. The problem is that they are ‘partial’. The word partial is being used here in two different senses – incomplete (the opposite of whole), and biased (the opposite of impartial). So our ‘unlearnt’ knowledge or common sense usually allows us to see only a part of social reality; moreover, it is liable to be tilted towards the viewpoints and interests of our own social group."