The biological wealth of our planet has been declining rapidly and the accusing finger is clearly pointing to human activities. The colonisation of tropical pacific islands by humans is said to have led to extinction of more than 2000 species of native birds. The IUCN red list documents the extinction of 784 species. Since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. Current species extinction rate as estimated to be 100-1000 times faster. There are four major causes called “The Evil quartet” Habitat loss, over exploitation, Alien species invasion and co-extinction. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve biodiversity and protect endangered species and their habitats.

Which one of the following is NOT the reason for decline in biodiversity?

Sacred groves

The correct answer is Option (3) - Sacred groves

Sacred groves are areas of natural forest that have been protected for religious or cultural reasons. These groves are often rich in biodiversity and serve as conservation areas where flora and fauna can thrive without the pressures of human activity such as logging, agriculture, or development. Therefore, sacred groves contribute to the preservation of biodiversity rather than its decline.

Reasons for Decline in Biodiversity:

• Pollution: Pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution, significantly impacts biodiversity by degrading habitats and harming or killing various species.This can have a significant impact on biodiversity by reducing available habitat for many species.
• Agriculture: Agricultural practices, especially large-scale monoculture and the use of pesticides and fertilizers, lead to habitat destruction, soil degradation, and the loss of biodiversity.Agriculture is a major driver of habitat loss as natural landscapes are converted into farmland. This can have a significant impact on biodiversity by reducing available habitat for many species.
• Fishing: Overfishing and destructive fishing practices deplete fish populations, disrupt marine ecosystems, and lead to the decline of many aquatic species.