Read the following passage and answer the following questions.

The First Nuclear explosion was undertaken by India in 1974, our first PM had always put faith in science and technology for rapidly building a modern India. A significant component India's industrialisation plans was the nuclear programme initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha

When communist China conducted nuclear test in 1964 the permanent members of the UN Security Council-tried to impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968. India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and had refused to sign it, and also further refused to sign the CTBT.

When India conducted its first nuclear test, it was termed as peaceful explosion. Later India conducted a series of tests, Pakistan soon followed. India Nuclear doctrine of credible minimum nuclear deterrence professes "No first use."

Why have some countries not signed the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty?

A. Because the treaty ensures that only five countries will possess the technological know-how to build nuclear energy

B. Because public opinion in these countries are against the signing of nuclear non-proliferation treaty

C. Because it is discriminatory as it allows only five countries to possess nuclear weapons

D. Because the five nuclear powers don't allow the other countries to sign the treaty

E. Because of political infighting at the domestic level

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A and C only

The correct answer is Option 1 - A and C only

A. Because the treaty ensures that only five countries will possess the technological know-how to build nuclear energy
C. Because it is discriminatory as it allows only five countries to possess nuclear weapons

Explanation:

India has opposed the international treaties aimed at non-proliferation since they were selectively applicable to the non-nuclear powers and legitimised the monopoly of the five nuclear weapons powers.

NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY (NPT): Allows only the nuclear weapon states to have nuclear weapons and stops others from acquiring them. For the purposes of the NPT, a nuclear weapon state is one which has manufactured and exploded a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device prior to 1 January 1967. So there are five nuclear weapon states: US, USSR (later Russia), Britain, France and China. Signed in Washington, London, and Moscow on 1 July 1968. Entered into force on 5 March 1970. Extended indefinitely in 1995.