______ is an inner state that energies, activates or moves and directs behaviour towards goals.

Motive

The correct answer is option (4)- Motive.

Motive is an inner state that energies, activates or moves and directs behaviour towards goals.

A motive is an inner state that energises, activates or moves and directs behaviour towards goals. Motives arise out of the needs of individuals. Realisation of a motive causes restlessness in the individual which prompts some action to reduce such restlessness. For example, the need for food causes hunger an account of which a man searches for food. Some such motives are -hunger, thirst, security, affiliation, need for comfort, recognition etc.,

OTHER OPTIONS

• Motivator is the technique used to motivate people in an organisation. Managers use diverse motivators like pay, bonus, promotion, recognition, praise, responsibility etc., in the organisation to influence people to contribute their best.

• Motivation means incitement or inducement to act or move. In the context of an organisation, it means the process of making subordinates to act in a desired manner to achieve certain organisational goals. Motivation is a complex process as individuals are heterogeneous in their expectations, perceptions and reactions.

• Leadership is the process of influencing the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards achievement of organisational goals. Leadership tries to bring change in the behaviour of others.