Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:

DEMONETISATION

Demonetisation was a initiative taken by the Government of India in November 2016 to tackle the problem of corruption, black money, terrorism and circulation of fake currency in the economy. Old currency notes of Rs 500, and Rs 1000 were no longer legal tender. New currency notes in the denomination of Rs 500 and Rs 2000 were launched. The public were advised to deposit old currency notes in their bank account till 31 December 2016 without any declaration and upto 31 March 2017 with the RBI with declaration.

Further to avoid a complete breakdown and cash crunch, notes government had allowed exchange of Rs 4000 old currency the by new currency per person and per day. Further till 12 December 2016, old currency notes were acceptable as legal tender at petrol pumps, government hospitals and for payment of government dues, like taxes, power bills, etc.

This move has had positive impact also. It improved tax compliance as a large number of people were bought in the tax ambit. The savings of an individual were channelised into the formal financial system. As a result, banks have more resources at their disposal which can be used to provide more loans at lower interest rates. It is a demonstration of State's decision to put a curb on black money, showing that tax evasion will no longer be tolerated. Tax evasion will result in financial penalty and social condemnation. Tax compliance will improve and corruption will decrease. Demonetisation could also help tax administration in another way, by shifting transactions out of the cash economy into the formal payment system. Households and firms have begun to shift from cash to electronic payment technologies.

What was the immediate impact of demonetization on the economy?

Decrease in aggregate demand.

The correct answer is Option (4) → Decrease in aggregate demand.

The immediate impact of demonetisation in November 2016 was a short-term decline in aggregate demand. This happened because a large portion of currency in circulation suddenly ceased to be legal tender, leading to a cash shortage. As a result, people’s ability to spend reduced sharply, and consumption of goods and services declined.