Which Governor-General of India, in 1772, introduced two courts in each district – a criminal court (faujdari adalat) and a civil court (diwani adalat)?

Warren Hastings

The correct answer is Option1- Warren Hastings

Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of India who introduced two courts in each district in 1772 - a criminal court (faujdari adalat) and a civil court (diwani adalat).

This was a major reform of the Indian judicial system, which had previously been based on Islamic law and was often inefficient and corrupt. Hastings' new courts were based on English law and were designed to be more fair and impartial.

The faujdari adalat was responsible for criminal cases, while the diwani adalat was responsible for civil cases. Both courts were presided over by English judges, but they were assisted by Indian assessors.

Hastings' reforms were controversial at the time, but they eventually proved to be successful. The new courts helped to improve the quality of justice in India and to reduce corruption.

The faujdari adalat and diwani adalat formed the basis of the modern Indian judicial system. They were later replaced by the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India, but the principles that they were based on - fairness, impartiality, and the rule of law - continue to be important today.