Read the passage carefully. Attempt Question:

Shivaji's administrative measures were a marvel of his time and far in advance of his age. He strictly prohibited grants of land in lieu of military or other services, thereby avoiding the patent evils of the jagir system. While the Mughal administration continued blindly on the same old model built up by Akbar, Shivaji had created innovations in almost every branch. His division of official work among eight ministers. his system of forts for the defence of his realm, his organization of the navy, his army regulations including those for discipline and plunder. his compilation of the Raja-Vyavahara-kosa, his imposition of the system of chauth are all measures of his own creation, utterly unlike what was then in vogue. Shivaji spent money like water on repairing old forts and constructing new ones. about 250 in all, which particularly suited the geographical situation of the Maratha region. Each fort was a self-sufficient unit with plenty of water supply and corn-land enclosed, so that when besieged, each fort could stand defended by a small garrison for any length of time. The sonorous and significant names given to these forts reveal Shivaji's ingenuity even in this detail and remind us even today what their use and grandeur must have been at that time.

The annual revenue of Shivaji's dominions has been roughly calculated at seven crore rupees, possibly a lot lesser than in actual realization. It may be roughly put down that all the peninsular lands, south of the river Tapti, either wholly or partially owed allegiance to Shivaji.

Shivaji's administrative measures were a marvel of time because ________.

they were far in advance of his age and of his own creation

The correct answer is Option (1) - they were far in advance of his age and of his own creation