Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Wine and beer are made by fermenting the broth without the process of distillation.

II. The byproducts of alcoholic fermentation include carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane.

III. Penicillium species is typically used in fermenting malted cereals to produce alcohol.

Choose the correct option.

Only I

I. This statement is correct. Wine and beer are produced through the process of fermentation, which does not involve distillation. During fermentation, the sugars present in the broth (such as grape juice for wine or malted grains for beer) are converted into alcohol by the action of yeast.

II. This statement is incorrect. The byproducts of alcoholic fermentation are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ethanol, not methane. Methane is typically associated with anaerobic fermentation processes, such as those that occur in landfills or certain microbial environments.

III. This statement is incorrect. Penicillium species are not commonly used in fermenting malted cereals to produce alcohol. Instead, specific strains of yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically used for this purpose.

Therefore, the correct statements is I. Wine and beer are produced without distillation of fermented broth.