Read the given passage and answer the four questions that follow:-
Over the past few decades, India has undergone a significant economic transformation, emerging as one of the world's fastest growing major economies. This shift began in the early 1990s with economic liberalisation policies that reduced trade barriers, deregulated industries and encouraged foreign investment. These reforms spurred rapid growth, leading to a substantial reduction in poverty and the rise of a sizable middle class.
The technology sector, particularly information technology (IT) and software services, has been a cornerstone of this growth. Cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Pune have become global IT hubs, hosting numerous multinational corporations and startups. This boom has not only created millions of jobs but also positioned India as a leader in the global digital economy.
Infrastructure development has also played a crucial role. The expansion of road networks, modernisations of ports and development of airports have improved connectivity within the country and with the global market. Initiatives like the Goods and Services Tax (GST) have streamlined the taxation system, fostering a more unified national market.
However, challenges remain. Income inequality persists with a significant portion of the population still lacking access to quality healthcare, education, and sanitation. The agricultural sector, which employs a large segment of the workforce, faces issues such as low productivity and vulnerability to climate change.
Looking ahead, India's focus is on sustainable development, leveraging renewable energy sources and fostering innovation. With a young and dynamic population, the country aims to balance economic growth with social equity, ensuring that the benefits of progress reach all its citizens.
The most suitable title for the passage can be _____.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Economic Transformation in Modern India
The passage opens by saying that India has undergone a significant economic transformation over the past few decades, and then follows it through liberalisation, the IT boom, infrastructure, the challenges that remain and the plans for the future. The whole passage is about how India's economy has changed, so this title covers all of it.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: The Indian Diaspora and their Contribution — Incorrect. Not mentioned: the diaspora means people of Indian origin living in other countries; the passage says nothing about them.
Option 2: The Development Strategy Adopted in India — Incorrect. Too narrow: the passage does mention policies, but it is mainly about the results of the change (growth, jobs, a middle class) and the challenges, not about a strategy.
Option 3: Overproduction in the Indian Agricultural Sector — Incorrect. Contradicted: the passage says agriculture suffers from low productivity, the opposite of overproduction, and it is only one point in one paragraph.