Match the following

A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

A) Functional Foremanship- In the factory system, the foreman represents the managerial figure with whom the workers are in face-to-face contact on a daily basis. the foreman is the lowest ranking manager and the highest ranking worker. He is the pivot around whom revolves the entire production, planning, implementation and control. Thus, Taylor concentrated on improving the performance of this role in the factory set-up. In fact, he identified a list of qualities of a good foreman/supervisor and found that no single person could fit them all. This prompted him to suggest functional foremanship through eight persons. Taylor advocated separation of planning and execution functions. This concept was extended to the lowest level of the shop floor.

B) Differential Piece Wage System- Taylor was a strong advocate of piece wage system. He wanted to differentiate between efficient and inefficient workers. The standard time and other parameters should be determined on the basis of the workstudy discussed above. The workers can then be classified as efficient or inefficient on the basis of these standards. He wanted to reward efficient workers. So he introduced different rate of wage payment for those who performed above standard and for those who performed below standard.

C) Standardisation of work- Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for every business activity; it can be standardisation of process, raw material, time, product, machinery, methods or working conditions. These standards are the benchmarks, which must be adhered to during production. The objectives of standardisation are: (i) To reduce a given line or product to fixed types, sizes and characteristics. (ii) To establish interchange ability of manufactured parts and products. (iii) To establish standards of excellence and quality in materials. (iv) To establish standards of performance of men and machines.

D) Simplification of work- Simplification aims at eliminating superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions while standardisation implies devising new varieties instead of the existing ones. Simplification aims at eliminating unnecessary diversity of products. It results in savings of cost of labour, machines and tools. It implies reduced inventories, fuller utilisation of equipment and increasing turnover