People may damage a bus and attack its driver when the bus has hit someone on the road. This is an isolated incident of protest. Since it flares up and dies down immediately, it is not a social movement. A social movement requires ______ over time.

Sustained Collective Action

The correct answer is Option 2: Sustained Collective Action

A social movement is characterized by organized and sustained collective action taken by a group of people who share common goals or interests, often aimed at bringing about social or political change.

In contrast to isolated or spontaneous protests (like damaging a bus after an accident), a social movement:

• Involves a planned strategy

• Has a long-term vision

• Shows continuity over time

• Is collective, not individual or random